نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه خوارزمی
2 دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
At the end of the Umayyad rule, much opposition existed in the territory under their control in Iraq, Syria, and Iran. The main reason for this issue was tribal and racial prejudices, difficult living conditions, and payment of jizya and tribute. The harsh and strict policies of the Umayyad rulers, including Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, intensified widespread movements and opposition, such as the rebellion of Abdul Rahman ibn Ash'ath; therefore, some Umayyad caliphs and emirs made reforms to reduce differences and prevent the collapse of the caliphate. The reforms of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz were successful at first, but his early death prevented the continuation of the reform process and the next caliph tried to remove his actions. At the end of the Umayyad rule, Yazid III and also the governor of Khorasan, Nasr ibn Sayyar, attempted to control the rapid process of opposition by pursuing reforms, but none of these efforts prevented the collapse. The renewed energy of the Abbasids with the original early Islamic slogans was able to bring the people with them and destroy the Umayyad-Islamic royal government. The issue of this research is the reform measures of the caliphs and Umayyad rulers, especially their political and economic reforms. This research is organized in library style with a focus on Islamic historiographical sources. The authors claim that the Umayyad period's political actors considered it necessary to carry out large-scale reform measures, considering the economic and political conditions of the Islamic lands.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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